Inevitability of Things Non-standard
نویسنده
چکیده
The paper applies some very elementary model theory to explain how Kenneth Arrow’s classical theory of collective choice sheds some light on the nature of mathematical structures arising in physics.
منابع مشابه
TCTL Inevitability Analysis of Dense-Time Systems
Inevitability properties in branching temporal logics are of the syntax ∀♦φ, where φ is an arbitrary (timed) CTL formula. In the sense that ”good things will happen”, they are parallel to the ”liveness” properties in linear temporal logics. Such inevitability properties in dense-time logics can be analyzed with greatest fixpoint calculation. We present algorithms to model-check inevitability pr...
متن کاملA pr 2 00 3 TCTL Inevitability Analysis of Dense - time Systems ∗
Inevitability properties in branching temporal logics are of the syntax ∀♦φ, where φ is an arbitrary (timed) CTL formula. In the sense that ”good things will happen”, they are parallel to the ”liveness” properties in linear temporal logics. Such inevitability properties in dense-time logics can be analyzed with greatest fixpoint calculation. We present algorithms to model-check inevitability pr...
متن کاملLogics of essence and accident
We say that things happen accidentally when they do indeed happen, but only by chance. In the opposite situation, an essential happening is inescapable, its inevitability being the sine qua non for its very occurrence. This paper will investigate modal logics on a language tailored to talk about essential and accidental statements. Completeness of some among the weakest and the strongest such s...
متن کاملWhat does the future hold for the NHS at 60?
Last year was a tough year for the NHS. Following the Francis Inquiry into events at Mid-Staffordshire, we witnessed a number of other serious and high profile care and management failings, and – quite understandably a public and media outcry. And yet, our health system is still the envy of many countries, and it continues to do amazing things every day. With an election on the horizon and the ...
متن کاملInevitability of Losing Most Traders in the Foreign Exchange Market: New Evidence
The foreign exchange market (FX market) accounts for 40% of the total volume of the worldâs e-commerce by its own. Based on statistics, sometimes up to 90 per cent of the traders lose their total capital in this market just within six months to one year and leave this market. The probability of loss in the FX market can be estimated by probability theory. The present paper intends to demonst...
متن کامل